

The
imaging core, directed by Dr. Chris Navara, provides exceptional
high-sensitivity detection of stem cell and developmental dynamics
in vitro, in utero and in vivo. We will combine the strengths
of in vivo non-invasive MRI with in vitro imaging by conventional,
confocal, and electron microscopy. The functions of the Imaging
Core will be performed at three locations: MRI will be performed
at the NIBIB-funded Pittsburgh NMR Center for Biomedical Research
at Carnegie Mellon University (headed by Dr. Eric Ahrens); EM
studies will be performed at the Center for Biologic Imaging at
the University of Pittsburgh (headed by Dr. Simon Watkins); and
cellular imaging using the sophisticated light microscopic instruments
at the Pittsburgh Development Center. These facilities are designed
for the purpose of providing state of the art non-invasive imaging
technologies to biomedical researchers.
In vivo imaging
The imaging core provides total body non-invasive functional
imaging for PDC investigators. The core is responsible for tracking
cell lineage contributions of ES and EG chimeric embryos and the
fates of transplanted hES cells. The core also uses high resolution
MRI to map fetal development and teratoma formation, image excised
teratomas prior to sectioning, and track transplanted embryonic
and adult stem cells in vivo. At the whole animal level, we will
utilize new small animal imaging technologies such as MRI and
PET, to perform longitudinal studies of pregnant monkeys and monitor
viability and phenotypic differences of the chimeric fetus and
placenta throughout pregnancy.
Figure 1. PET scan of a six month
old rhesus macaque using a [C-11]diprenorphine tracer, specific
for opioid receptors. PET brain imaging is performed by the veterinarian
as a diagnostic measure for the normalcy of chimeric offspring.


In vitro imaging
The imaging core provides instrumentation, oversight and guidance
for fixed, immunocytochemistry, live cell confocal, real-time
dynamic and electron microscopy for assaying cell structure and
dynamics in pluripotent and differentiated human embryonic stem
cells. Live and fixed pluripotent marker assays are available
to characterize undifferentiated human, nonhuman primate, and
rodent ES, EG, and adult tissue stem cells. This core will also
perform fundamental studies of ES and EG cell contributions to
chimeric embryos and imprinting status of ES and EG cells, as
well as histology, immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry
of teratomas and embryoid bodies.

Figure 2. Pluripotent Markers in
hES cells lines H1 (A, B, D) and HSF-6 (C, E ,F). (A-B). Oct-4
immunostaining of pluripotent HSF-6 colony at 10x (A) and 40x
(B). Individual nuclei are clearly labeled in (B) Note the metaphase
plate at right center of the stem cell colony. (C). Oct-4 mRNA
is expressed in pluripotent cell colonies (lane 4) but is lost
soon after differentiation begins (lane 2) as evidenced by RT-PCR
analysis. Differentiating cells were identified morphologically
and selectively scraped from the perimeter of one colony. (D)
SSEA-3 immunostaining of most cells in one colony. (E) SSEA-4
immunostaining is generally more variable in colonies compared
to SSEA-3 while (F) SSEA-1 is always negative in hES cells (but
not mES cells).